Regulation of aging by NELF-A and RNA polymerase II elongation

Epigenetic regulation of aging: Aging is defined as the gradual decline of physiological function and cellular integrity, causing organismal vulnerability to age-onset diseases and morbidity.Studies in different animal models have led to the identification of twelve aging hallmarks that shared several features: its age-associated manifestation, how experimental manipulation of individual hallmark may alter the trajectory of aging, as well as their interdependence during the process of aging.These hallmarks include genomic instability, telomere(definition) attrition, loss of proteostasis(definition), disabled macro-autophagy(definition), deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction(definition), cellular senescence(definition), stem cell exhaustion, chronic inflammation, dysbiosis, altered intercellular communication and epigenetic alterations (Lopez-Otin et al., 2023).