Chronic inflammation

The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)

IMPORTANCE: Definitions of sepsis and septic shock were last revised in 2001. Considerable advances have since been made into the pathobiology (changes in organ function, morphology, cell biology, biochemistry, immunology, and circulation),...

Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome

The metabolic syndrome has received increased attention in the past few years. This statement from the American Heart Association (AHA) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is intended to provide up-to-date guidance for...

2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

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NIA‐AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease

In 2011, the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association created separate diagnostic recommendations for the preclinical, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease. Scientific progress in the interim...

The Occurrence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing among Middle-Aged Adults

BACKGROUND: Limited data have suggested that sleep-disordered breathing, a condition of repeated episodes of apnea and hypopnea during sleep, is prevalent among adults. Data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, a longitudinal study of the...

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

BACKGROUND: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. METHODS:...

Rosuvastatin to Prevent Vascular Events in Men and Women with Elevated C-Reactive Protein

BACKGROUND: Increased levels of the inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein predict cardiovascular events. Since statins lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as well as cholesterol, we hypothesized that peo...

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Explore this comprehensive primer on hepatocellular carcinoma in Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2021), covering epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease

2016 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure

... Guidelines summarize and evaluate all available evidence on a particular issue at the time of the writing process, with the aim of assisting health professionals in selecting the best management strategies for an individual patient with...

Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3–95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations

The aim of the Task Force was to derive continuous prediction equations and their lower limits of normal for spirometric indices, which are applicable globally. Over 160,000 data points from 72 centres in 33 countries were shared with the E...

Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Complications

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes complications, both microvascular and cardiovascular. The metabolic abnormalities of diabetes cause mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in endothelial cells of both la...