Urolithin A as a gut microbiota-derived mitophagy activator: a critical review of mechanisms, preclinical evidence, and human trials

Retrospective registration of a critical review of urolithin A informed by a systematic literature search (reported per PRISMA 2020): mechanisms, mitophagy activation, muscle and immune ageing, safety and pharmacokinetics, gut-microbiota metabotypes, and preclinical efficacy. At the time of registration, identification, screening, data extraction and synthesis were already complete; this is a transparent retrospective record and not a prospective protocol. Because screening and extraction were performed by a single author, the work is presented as a critical review supported by a systematic search rather than as a dual-reviewer systematic review. Sole author: Mohamed E. Elbeeh, Department of Biology, Al-Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.