Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analyses Reveal JAK Signaling and Inflammatory Phenotypes during Cellular Senescence in Blind Mole Rats: The Reflections of Superior Biology

The blind mole rat (BMR), a long-living subterranean rodent, is an exceptional model for both aging and cancer research since they do not display age-related phenotypes or tumor formation. The Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) signaling is a cytokine-stimulated pathway that has a crucial role in immune regulation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Therefore, the pathway has recently attracted interest in cellular senescence(definition) studies. Here, by using publicly available data, we report that JAK–STAT signaling was suppressed in the BMR in comparison to the mouse. Interestingly, our experimental results showed upregulated Jak1/2 expressions in BMR fibroblasts during the replicative senescence process. The transcriptomic analysis using publicly available data also demonstrated that various cytokines related to JAK–STAT signaling were upregulated in the late passage cells, while some other cytokines such as MMPs and SERPINs were downregulated, representing a possible balance of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) in the BMR. Finally, our proteomics data also confirmed cytokine-mediated signaling activation in senescent BMR fibroblasts. Together, our findings suggest the critical role of JAK–STAT and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways during cellular senescence, pointing to the possible contribution of divergent inflammatory factors to the superior resistance of aging and cancer in BMRs.