A comparative study of lipid profile, body mass index, and waist circumference among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor and good metabolic control and normal age-matched control group

Background: Prevalence of dyslipidemia is very common in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and lipid abnormalities are likely to play an important role in the development of the atherosclerotic vascular disease. Type 2 diabetic patients are obese, and obesity as an independent risk factor for diabetes also complicates the management and exacerbates the metabolic abnormalities in diabetes. Aims and Objectives: To compare the lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in Type 2 diabetic patients with poor and good metabolic controls with that of normal controls and to study the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values and triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with Type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: The descriptive comparative study group of 150 subjects was divided into three groups based on HbA1c values which included Type 2 diabetic patients with poor metabolic control, good metabolic control, and normal age-matched controls. Results: There is a significant increase in the mean levels of total cholesterol, TG, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) values in diabetic patients with both poor metabolic control and good metabolic control when compared to normal controls. There is a significant decrease in mean HDL values and significant elevation of mean waist circumference and BMI values in both male and female diabetics with poor and good metabolic controls when compared to normal controls. Highly significant positive correlation was obtained between HbA1c and TG and a negative correlation between HbA1c and HDL. Conclusion: Increase in TG and decline in HDL with HbA1c rise shows the impact of glycemic control on lipoprotein levels. Majority of diabetic patients were overweight and had abdominal adiposity. Good metabolic control of hyperglycemia will prevent alteration of lipid metabolism helping in better prognosis and preventing manifestations of vascular and typical secondary complications. [Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 8(2.000): 239-243]