Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs

// Linlin Chen 1, * , Huidan Deng 1, * , Hengmin Cui 1, 2 , Jing Fang 1, 2 , Zhicai Zuo 1, 2 , Junliang Deng 1, 2 , Yinglun Li 1, 2 , Xun Wang 1, 2 and Ling Zhao 1, 2 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China 2 Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Hengmin Cui, email: [email protected] Keywords: inflammation; inflammatory signaling pathways; chemokines; cytokines; organ diseases Received: April 19, 2017      Accepted: November 03, 2017      Published: December 14, 2017 ABSTRACT Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system that can be triggered by a variety of factors, including pathogens, damaged cells and toxic compounds. These factors may induce acute and/or chronic inflammatory responses in the heart, pancreas, liver, kidney, lung, brain, intestinal tract and reproductive system, potentially leading to tissue damage or disease. Both infectious and non-infectious agents and cell damage activate inflammatory cells and trigger inflammatory signaling pathways, most commonly the NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK-STAT pathways. Here, we review inflammatory responses within organs, focusing on the etiology of inflammation, inflammatory response mechanisms, resolution of inflammation, and organ-specific inflammatory responses.