Unlocking the potential of stem cell therapy for Autism: A new era in neurotherapeutics

Autism spectrum disorders have distinct core symptoms, including struggles with social interactions and repetitive behaviours. These disorders involve complex neurodevelopmental problems, inflammation, and immune system dysfunction. Due to the underlying neurobiological causes of autism, researchers have explored the potential of cell-based therapies, such as stem cells, to treat the condition. Stem cells exhibit unique immunological properties, making them a promising area of study for autism treatment. This review examines autism's cellular and molecular abnormalities, potential stem cell therapies, animal models, and ongoing clinical trials. Research on autism's genetics shows that no proven cure exists, but studying stem cells has led to promising results, particularly with mesenchymal stem cells and human embryonic stem cells. These cells have been used to reduce autism severity and improve quality of life. Additionally, stem cells have been used to model various autism forms, such as Rett Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome, allowing researchers to develop novel therapies. However, researchers must consider the ethical implications of their work, particularly when studying children, and prioritize their well-being and safety.