miRNA and Cardiac Hypertrophy

Cardiac hypertrophy is a frequent pathological reaction to hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. A typical feature of myocardial remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy can lead to heart failure and ultimately death. In recent years, studies have found some factors circulating within the blood of young mice can improve symptoms of heart hypertrophy in aged mice. GDF11 in the blood was once considered a key factor to extenuate cardiac hypertrophy, but subsequent studies question this conclusion. Recent genomic advances have revealed that non-coding RNA, including circular RNA, piRNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, play an important role in gene expression and regulation, directly affecting pathophysiological mechanisms. The involvement of microRNAs within the myocardium and aortic valve in the regulation of pathophysiology may lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. Exosome-derived microRNA molecules in the heart are related to heart hypertrophy and failure. This article reviews the relevance of microRNAs to heart hypertrophy and the transported mechanism, which is helpful to discover new therapy and biomarkers for cardiac hypertrophy.