Deterioration of temporal order and circadian disruption with age 2: Systemic mechanisms of aging-related circadian disruption and approaches to its correction

The mechanisms that underlie the impairment of coordination of the circadian system relatively to external and internal zeitgebers are discussed in the second part of this review. The main strategic approaches to the prevention of manifestations of aging-related circadian disruption are analyzed with special emphasis on the role of photoperiodism (the primary factor) and that of secondary entraining factors. Bright light therapy, the use of melatonin and other chronobiotics, maintenance of the rhythm of body temperature, and a daily regimen of physical activity and nutrition are considered with a focus on the opportunities for enhancement of the efficiency of each method using a personalized approach and on the novel advantages that are provided by combining these methods.