Chronic Inflammation as a Central Driver of Aging and Multimorbidity: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Aging is associated with a progressive increase in chronic low-grade inflammation, known as inflammaging(definition), which has been identified as a key mechanism underlying the development of multimorbidity. This review aims to analyze the role of inflammaging in aging and its impact across internal medicine, immunology, and gynecology. A structured narrative review was conducted using high-impact scientific literature, focusing on biological mechanisms, clinical implications, and interdisciplinary perspectives. The findings indicate that inflammaging is driven by interconnected processes such as immune dysregulation, cellular senescence(definition), mitochondrial dysfunction(definition), metabolic imbalance, and hormonal changes. These mechanisms contribute to the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, frailty, neurodegeneration, and postmenopausal alterations. Additionally, inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP were consistently associated with disease progression. The results also highlight the importance of lifestyle interventions, metabolic control, and emerging geroscience-based therapies in modulating chronic inflammation. Overall, inflammaging represents a central biological axis that links aging with multimorbidity, supporting the need for integrated and preventive approaches in clinical practice.