Assessment of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: The diabetic condition is influenced by several factors, some of which can accelerate the disease’s progression to various complications that aggravate the morbidity. Aims: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components and the most critical predictive risk factors of MetS in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This cross‑sectional study involved 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and was conducted at the outpatient and inpatient departments at Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences and Post Graduate Institute, from April 2021 to September 2022. The study involved the use of a questionnaire to obtain some information on the diabetics, undertaking anthropometric measurements, as well as collecting blood samples for the measurement of some biochemical parameters; fasting blood glucose and lipid profile. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results: The study population comprised 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, made up of 33 males (33%) and 67 females (67%). The overall mean age of the population was 51.31 (SEM = 0.97) years the prevalence of MetS was 58% in the studied population. For the overall population, hypertension was the commonest component (60%) of the MetS, followed by high waist circumference, or central obesity. Female type 2 diabetics had a higher prevalence of MetS, and carried more components than their male counterparts. Conclusion: With hypertension being the commonest component, future cardiovascular disease prevention strategies should focus attention on its management and prevention, through education.