The Role of Circadian Rhythm Disruptions in Alzheimer’s disease Progression: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Strategies

Circadian rhythm disruptions have emerged as a critical factor in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These disruptions affect key processes such as beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and impaired protein clearance, all of which contribute to neurodegeneration. Melatonin, a hormone that regulates the circadian cycle, plays a neuroprotective role but decreases with age, especially in AD patients. Research suggests that melatonin supplementation may help mitigate the effects of Aβ accumulation, tau-related pathology, and oxidative stress. Additionally, bright light therapy (BLT) has been shown to improve circadian rhythm regulation, enhancing sleep quality and cognitive function in individuals with AD. This review highlights the intricate relationship between circadian rhythm disruptions and AD pathology and examines therapeutic interventions such as melatonin and BLT that offer potential benefits in managing the disease.