The Impact of Sociodemographic, Psychological, and Quality of Life Factors on Dual-Task Performance in Elderly Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iraq

This study investigates the impact of sociodemographic, psychological, and quality of life factors on dual-task performance in elderly individuals living in Iraq. Dual-task performance, the ability to perform two tasks simultaneously, is a crucial indicator of cognitive and motor functions in older adults. This research aims to understand how factors such as age, gender, education, income, mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress), mindfulness, and overall quality of life influence the ability of elderly individuals to manage dual tasks, which is essential for maintaining independence and preventing falls. The study hypothesizes that better physical health and quality of life will be associated with improved dual-task performance, while higher levels of psychological distress may negatively impact this ability. Data were collected from 384 healthy community-dwelling elderly participants aged 60 and above in Najaf, Iraq, using validated tools such as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF). Dual-task performance was assessed through the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) combined with a cognitive task of counting backward by threes. The findings from this study will provide valuable insights into the factors that affect cognitive and motor functions in the elderly, helping to inform the development of targeted interventions and policies aimed at improving the quality of life and care for Iraq's aging population. Understanding these influences is crucial for enhancing elderly care, preventing falls, supporting cognitive health, and informing policies to improve the quality of life for Iraq's aging population.