The Effect of Dependence, Frailty, and Kinesiophobia on Early Postoperative Mobilization and Self-Care Ability in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study

Lumbar disc herniation is a common condition that may impair physical functioning and reduce independence in activities of daily living. Although surgery aims to relieve symptoms and improve functional recovery, individual factors present before surgery may influence postoperative rehabilitation outcomes. This prospective observational study aims to investigate the effects of preoperative dependency, frailty, and kinesiophobia on postoperative mobilization and self-care agency in patients undergoing lumbar disc herniation surgery. Data will be collected before surgery and on the first postoperative day using validated assessment instruments. The findings are expected to identify preoperative risk factors associated with early postoperative recovery and provide evidence to support individualized nursing care and rehabilitation planning.