Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) intake increases plasma NMN and insulin levels in healthy subjects

Introduction Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) is a coenzyme of the NAD + -dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). An increase in NAD + concentration induces SIRT1 activation that results in various health benefits. Since nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor of NAD + , NMN ingestion is expected to have multiple health benefits such as alleviation of aging, lifestyle-related and neurodegenerative diseases, through the activation of SIRT1. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of daily NMN ingestion on plasma levels of NMN and NAD + . Methods Healthy volunteers received 250 mg of NMN once a day in the morning ( n = 11) for 12 weeks, and the plasma concentrations of NMN and NAD + were measured monthly. Physiological and laboratory tests were performed within 2 h after lunch (at 2 pm) before and during NMN administration. Results Oral administration of NMN increased the plasma concentrations of NMN and NAD + , and the postprandial serum insulin levels. The elevation levels of NMN and insulin varied widely among individuals. No adverse symptoms were observed in the participants. Conclusions Oral administration of NMN elevates plasma levels of NMN and NAD + , and postprandial serum insulin levels.