Impact of Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers on Atherosclerotic Progression and Clinical Outcomes in Women: A Case-Control Study

Background: Systemic inflammatory biomarkers are also important in promoting atherosclerotic disease process and unfavourable cardiovascular events in women. Aims of the study: The primary objective of the study is to assess how the systemic inflammatory biomarkers relate to the atherosclerotic progression and clinical outcomes in women using the comparison of affected patients and healthy controls. Methodology: This controlled case study will be carried out in the period between 10 October, 2025 and 10 January, 2026 and involve 120 women (80 atherosclerotic and 40 healthy controls). Eligible individuals were 40-60 years old women with a clinically established atherosclerosis and controls were matched by age and disease-free. ELISA was used to measure serum inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10), the lipid profile and the blood pressure. Result: Sociodemographic factors were even, and there were equal age effects, mostly married, and education as well as employment levels. Pro-inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, and TNF- 0) were much more elevated in women with atherosclerosis, whereas IL-10 did not differ significantly. The cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., total cholesterol, blood pressure and smoking prevalence) were also found to be extremely high in the atherosclerosis group. The clinical picture of patients was characterized by a greater occurrence of plaque, arterial stiffness, and coronary artery disease, which means a high level of vascular changes and greater cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: Systemic inflammatory dysregulation is the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in women with high levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers that facilitates endothelial dysfunction, plaque formation, and vascular stiffening. This pathophysiological loop increases the disease progression and aggravates clinical outcomes, which is why inflammation is considered a key disease therapeutic and prevention target.