Histological And Immunochemical Studies of The Possible Protective Role of Riboflavin and Urolithin A on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

Background: Carbon Tetrachloride is used as a dry-cleaning solvent and in lava lamps. Previous research has demonstrated its harmful potential for several organs. Aim: The objective of the current work is to examine any hepatoprotection induced by Riboflavin, Urolithin A, and combined Riboflavin and Urolithin A on an animal model of liver damage brought by CCl4. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations were also used to study the processes behind such protection. Material and methods: Five equal groups of forty Wistar albino rats were created. In this study, Wistar rats were given CCl4 intraperitoneally (1 mL/Kg bw) on day 7 as a single dose while given riboflavin by oral gavage, Urolithin A intraperitoneally and combined Riboflavin and Urolithin A for 14 days. After the experiment, blood samples were obtained to measure the liver enzymes. Liver samples were prepared using Masson trichrome as well as Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Bax and Bcl2 immunoexpression were detected. Results: Along with disturbed architecture and vacuolization of hepatocytes shown in the H & E results linked with fibrous propensity in the Masson- trichrome samples, CCl4-exposed animals demonstrated significant disruption of the biochemical tests. In the group receiving either riboflavin or/and urolithin A, the histology and biochemical markers were adjusted after therapy. Conclusion: Through elevation of anti-apoptotic proteins and suppressing of pro-apoptotic proteins, riboflavin and/or urolithin A protected against CCl4-induced liver damage. Together, they had a synergistic effect.