Fisetin: From Dietary Source to Therapeutic Possibilities

Fisetin is a plant-derived flavonoid found in various fruits, vegetables, and plants, such as strawberries, apples, and onions, that has garnered attention for its broad pharmacological activities.Fisetin, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and antioxidant benefits, is essential for shielding cells from oxidative stress, which contributes to the emergence of cancer, neurological diseases, and other long-term illnesses.It has been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways like NF-κB and MAPK, potentially aiding in managing diseases such as arthritis and cardiovascular disorders.Additionally, fisetin has demonstrated neuroprotective effects, improving cognitive functions and mitigating oxidative damage in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.Animal studies have further validated the therapeutic potential of fisetin, with rodent models showing enhanced memory, reduced neuroinflammation, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.In cancer research, fisetin has been shown to inhibit tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and suppressing metastasis.Moreover, fisetin improves glucose metabolism in diabetic animal models, reducing hyperglycemia and improving insulin sensitivity, while also positively affecting lipid profiles, potentially reducing cardiovascular risks.The objective of this review is to evaluate the existing research on fisetin, focusing on its sources, pharmacological activities, and mechanisms of action, with an emphasis on findings from animal studies.It aims to provide insights into fisetin's therapeutic potential for conditions like neurodegeneration, cancer, diabetes, and inflammation, offering a comprehensive reference for researchers and healthcare professionals.