Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: A Review of Safety and Efficacy with Emphasis on Diabetes

Introduction: Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a supplement that can boost nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in the body, which is crucial for maintaining energy balance and stress response. Declining NAD+ levels with age contribute to aging and related diseases, making NMN supplementation a potential solution. Despite its potential benefits, NMN’s safety and efficacy need further investigation. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to analyze recent research on NMN supplementation regarding its safety and efficacy in improving human health, especially in patients with diabetes and prediabetes, and to suggest potential research directions for this compound. Methods and Materials: Extensive research was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on literature from the past 5 years, primarily on randomized controlled trials. The databases were searched using the term “nicotinamide mononucleotide” to gather articles, and references from selected articles were included. Conclusion: A beneficial direction for NMN research is an in-depth analysis of its effects on skeletal muscles in both healthy individuals and those with diabetes. Studies on larger groups, with higher doses, and over longer periods are crucial to determine the optimal supplementation protocol and assess individual variability in NMN’s metabolic effects.