Bacterial community and composition of soil in world’s longevity township Jiaoling, China by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing

Abstract Healthy longevity is a complicated process, however, the underlying mechanisms between longevity and microbiota warrant investigation. To address this, we characterized a longevity trajectory of environmental microbiota in a longevity township. We used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyse the composition and function of soil microbiota. The composition and diversity of soil microbiota significantly differed between towns. The dominant bacteria at the phylum level included Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria. At the genus level, Chujaibacter, Acidipila, and Lactobacillus were dominant. However, Steroidobacter, Comamonas, and Pseudoxanthomonas were only dominant in Xinpu with high centenarian population. Twelve biomarkers were responsible for significant differences between towns, including Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Chitinophagales, etc. The main species contributing to the differences of towns were Chujaibacter, Acidipila, Lactobacillus, Rhodanobacter, Lysobacter, Bryobacter, Granulicella, Flavobacterium, and Mizugakiibacter. The function of exosome, cysteine and methionine metabolism, amino acid-related enzymes, peptidases, starch and sucrose metabolism, etc., were predicted. Thus, we have revealed significant differences in the composition and diversity of soil microbiota in the world’s longevity township, the relationship between soil microbiota and long-lived people. These findings provide a research foundation for the role of soil microbiota in healthy longevity.