Association of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers with Chronic Periodontitis:

Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that persists with high levels of oxidative stress and uncontrolled inflammatory reactions, which lead to the destruction of periodontal tissue and changes in systemic biomarkers. This study aimed to investigate the association between chronic periodontitis and each of the oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The present study was designed as an observational comparative case- control study conducted between 20 April and 30 December 2025 and included 100 participants: 50 patients (Cases) with clinically confirmed chronic periodontitis and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were measured and compared between the two groups to evaluate their associations with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal status was assessed using probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing. Venous blood samples were collected for serum analysis of oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, GPx) and inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6) using spectrophotometric methods and ELISA. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to minimize confounding factors. Periodontitis patients showed significantly higher oxidative stress, evidenced by elevated MDA (5.6 µmol/L) and reduced antioxidant enzymes SOD (1.82 U/mL and GPx (42.5 U/L). Inflammatory biomarkers (CRP (6.8 2.1 mg/L), TNF-α (18.6 mg/L), and IL-6 (14.9 mg/L) were markedly increased, indicating systemic inflammation. Clinically, probing depth (5.4 ± 1.2 %) and bleeding on probing (78.2 ± 11.3 %) were significantly worse in periodontitis, reflecting active periodontal destruction and heightened inflammatory burden. In conclusion, chronic periodontitis is associated with elevated oxidative stress and systemic inflammation due to persistent bacterial stimulation that enhances ROS production and cytokine release.